Japan is considering using humanoid robots powered by physical artificial intelligence for defence-related tasks as its Self-Defence Forces (SDF) struggle to recruit enough personnel, government and ruling party sources said Tuesday.
The robots could initially be deployed for non-combat roles such as patrolling military bases and providing logistical support, potentially reducing the manpower required for routine operations.
However, officials and ruling party lawmakers remain cautious about using armed humanoid robots in combat, citing concerns over the technology mistakenly identifying allies as enemies or civilians as combatants.
Physical AI enables robots to process information gathered through sensors and cameras before carrying out tasks in the physical world.
Japan’s Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency is expected to begin research into the use of humanoid robots and organise a competition where robots developed by private companies and universities can demonstrate their capabilities.
Other possible applications could eventually include reconnaissance and rescue missions.
“AI can be an effective tool to replace or complement operations undertaken by a limited number of personnel,” a senior Defence Ministry official said.
A senior executive from a Liberal Democratic Party security panel also said the government does not expect armed humanoid robots to be deployed in combat, citing the lack of international rules governing their use.
Japan is expected to revise key defence and security documents towards the end of the year, with broader use of AI being considered an important part of strengthening the country’s defence capabilities.
The Defence Ministry has also requested funding for the next fiscal year beginning in April to integrate AI into the SDF’s command structure.
The ministry plans to test a “tactical AI satellite” capable of analysing large volumes of information collected in space and potentially assisting with missile guidance.
