Recent studies show that the overall prevalence of peptic ulcers has slightly declined globally, but men remain at higher risk than women. Dr. Huang Shang-Chin, a gastroenterologist at National Taiwan University Hospital’s Beihu Branch, notes that older men who smoke, consume alcohol, or take long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are particularly vulnerable. High-stress jobs, long working hours, and shift work are also linked to increased ulcer risk.
Although Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use are the primary causes of ulcers in both genders, men’s higher rates are largely attributed to lifestyle habits such as smoking and drinking. These factors can damage the stomach lining, delay healing, and trigger recurrent ulcers. Modern stressors like irregular meals, late nights, and workplace pressure may indirectly contribute by affecting stomach acid secretion and mucosal defense, potentially worsening symptoms or causing bleeding and perforation.
Common ulcer symptoms include upper abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort after meals or on an empty stomach. If symptoms persist beyond a week or are accompanied by black stools, vomiting blood, or sudden severe pain, immediate medical attention is crucial.
Treatment typically involves proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H. pylori eradication therapy, while avoiding ulcer-aggravating medications like NSAIDs. Lifestyle measures such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, maintaining regular routines, managing stress, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep are essential. Foods like coffee, tea, spicy dishes, or sweets may not cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms in some individuals, so intake should be adjusted based on tolerance.
H. pylori infection, a major factor in ulcers and stomach cancer, is common in Taiwan, especially among older adults. Transmission is often linked to food and hand hygiene. Complete eradication therapy significantly reduces recurrence and cancer risk. Even if work and life stress cannot be fully avoided, controlling modifiable factors—like diet, smoking, alcohol, and medication use—and seeking early medical evaluation for persistent stomach discomfort remain key to preventing ulcers and complications.
