As the nation celebrates Aidilfitri with traditional house visits and open houses, the public is being reminded to remain vigilant regarding self-care to curb the transmission of tuberculosis (TB). Medical experts warn that the disease, which spreads easily through the air, poses a significant risk during social gatherings where close interaction is common. KPJ Perlis Specialist Hospital Internal Medicine Consultant Dr Nurazam Omar stated that individuals exhibiting symptoms, particularly persistent coughs, must take proactive measures to protect others from potential infection.
According to Dr Nurazam, those with respiratory symptoms are encouraged to wear face masks, maintain a physical distance of one to two metres, and practise frequent hand hygiene using soap or sanitisers. He highlighted that symptomatic individuals might unknowingly be carriers of the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which can be transmitted through talking, coughing, sneezing, or even singing. This poses a severe threat to vulnerable groups, including children under the age of five, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems due to chronic illnesses such as diabetes or cancer.
The risk of contracting TB increases significantly after more than eight hours of close interaction with an active carrier in a confined space. Dr Nurazam noted that while open-air festive events carry a lower risk due to better ventilation, indoor gatherings in halls or homes remain high-risk environments for those with low immunity. He advised that if a household is known to have a TB patient, it is best to avoid visiting during the festive period or, at the very least, ensure strict adherence to masking and social distancing protocols.
Tuberculosis primarily attacks the lungs but can lead to severe complications in other organs, including the brain, kidneys, heart, and spine, if not diagnosed early. Dr Nurazam explained the distinction between “latent TB,” where a healthy immune system keeps the bacteria in check without symptoms, and “active TB,” where a weak immune system allows the bacteria to multiply and cause illness. Complications arise when the bacteria enter the bloodstream, potentially affecting various parts of the body and leading to long-term health issues.
The public is urged to look out for warning signs such as a cough or fever that lasts more than two weeks, night sweats, and sudden weight loss. Early screening is vital and can be conducted through various methods, including X-rays, MRI scans, sputum tests, or the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). Dr Nurazam emphasised that with early detection, TB is treatable, though patients typically require a consistent medication regimen lasting between six months and a year to achieve a full recovery.
